Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? And how is this difference growing over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're only able to provide some solutions. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know how significant the impact of each one of these factors is.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men do today, but not in the past, ابر التخسيس has to be due to the fact that some key non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her younger brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the longevity advantage for women was not as great.
Let's look at the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart compares the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend: Men and women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small It has significantly increased over time.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you are able to verify that these two points apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.