Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men
Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live more than men do today and why has this advantage increased over time? There isn't much evidence and we're only able to provide some solutions. We know that biological, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور (https://glorynote.com/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D9%81/) behavioral and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; but we don't know exactly how significant the impact of each factor is.
Independently of the exact amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men do today but not previously, is to be due to the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in every country can expect to live longer than her brother.
The chart below shows that although women have an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is only half a year.
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The advantage women had in life expectancy was smaller in developed countries than it is today.
Let's look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.
First, there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once very small, it has increased substantially in the past.
Using the option 'Change country in the chart, you can confirm that the two points are also applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.
