Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? And how the advantage has grown over time? We only have a few clues and اوضاع الجماع the evidence is not sufficient to draw an informed conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors which play a significant role in women living longer than males, we aren't sure how much each one contributes.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. However this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line - this means in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women live 10 years more than males. In Bhutan, the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage for women in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries that it is today.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small however, it has grown significantly over time.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, you can verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, اوضاع الجماع France and the UK.