Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? Why has this advantage gotten larger over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and علامات الحمل بولد we have only partial solutions. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral, and environmental factors which all play a part in the longevity of women over men, we do not know what percentage each factor plays in.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However, this is not due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For علامات الحمل بولد - simply click the next internet site, example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - this means that in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart shows that, even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries are often significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the longevity advantage for women was smaller
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the time of birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest however, it has increased significantly over the course of the last century.

By selecting 'Change Country' on the chart, you can confirm that the two points are applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.