Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? What is the reason is this difference growing in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're left with only some answers. We know there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors that all play a role in the longevity of women over males, we aren't sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at a minimum, the reason why women live longer than men today however not as previously, has to be due to the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line - this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور (check out your url) the global differences are significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half each year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was less in developed countries than it is today.
Let's look at how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in life expectancy was tiny but it has risen significantly over time.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, confirm that the two points also apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.