Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase over time? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We know there are biological, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور (click this over here now) psychological and environmental variables that play an integral role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear how much each one contributes.

We know that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. However this isn't because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - this means in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart below shows that while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's examine how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once tiny however, it has grown significantly over time.

It is possible to verify that these points are also applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.