Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? And how the advantage has grown over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and اوضاع الجماع we're only able to provide limited answers. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But it is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

The chart below shows that while there is a female advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a year.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand اوضاع الجماع out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be very small however it increased dramatically in the past century.

When you click on the option "Change country' on the chart, you can confirm that the two points also apply to other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.