Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men, العاب زوجية and why does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence is limited and we have only incomplete answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, but we don't know exactly how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men in the present however not as previously, is to be due to the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line - this means in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that although the female advantage exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the gap is less than half each year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was much lower in the richer countries than it is now.
Let's now look at how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small, it has increased substantially with time.

By selecting 'Change Country from the chart, you can determine if these two points apply to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.