Difference between revisions of "Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men"

Revision as of 03:14, 13 January 2022

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women live longer than men? And كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور, https://glorynote.com/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%88%D9%81, how does this benefit increase as time passes? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we aren't sure how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

We are aware that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However it is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was much lower in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. Both men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small but it increased substantially during the last century.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, you are able to determine if these two points also apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.