Difference between revisions of "Why Do Women Live Longer Than Men"

Revision as of 13:23, 12 January 2022

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live more than men do today and how is this difference growing in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make a definitive conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know what the contribution to each of these variables is.

Independently of the exact number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men do today and not previously, is to have to do with the fact that several fundamental non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl from every country could expect to live longer than her older brother.

This chart shows that, although there is a women's advantage throughout the world, زيوت تطويل الشعر the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was less in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.

First, there's an upward trend. as well as women in the US live much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be extremely small, but it grew substantially over the course of the last century.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.