Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the main reason women have a longer life span than men? Why does this benefit increase in the past? We only have a few clues and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an unambiguous conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological, and environmental factors which all play a part in women who live longer than males, we aren't sure the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We are aware that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But this isn't due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal line of parity - it means that in all nations baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries are often significant. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half a year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries than it is now.
Let's now look at the way that female advantages in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in America have longer lives than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was extremely small It has significantly increased over time.

You can check if these points are also applicable to other countries that have data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.