Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and how does this benefit increase over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make a definitive conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we aren't sure how much the influence of each of these factors is.

In spite of the amount of weight, افضل شامبو وبلسم we are aware that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men do today but not previously, is to do with the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For افضل شامبو وبلسم example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line ; this means that in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is just half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US between 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend: Men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small however, it has grown significantly in the past.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.