Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men and how does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide some solutions. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; however, زيوت تطويل الشعر we do not know how significant the impact of each factor is.

In spite of how much weight, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men, but not previously, is to do with the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line ; this means in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women exists everywhere, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries than it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two things stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be quite small however it increased dramatically in the past century.

You can check if these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.