Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? Why the advantage has grown as time passes? We only have partial evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; but we don't know exactly how much the influence of each of these factors is.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason why women live so much longer than men do today and not previously, has to have to do with the fact that several key non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, علامات الحمل بولد there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists everywhere, the global differences are significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries than it is today.
Let's now look at how the advantage of women in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart shows the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in life expectancy used to be quite small, it has increased substantially with time.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, verify that these two points apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.