Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, العاب زوجية and why has this advantage increased in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw a definitive conclusion. While we are aware that there are behavioral, العاب زوجية biological and environmental variables which play a significant role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear how much each one contributes.

It is known that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. But this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can expect to live longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries are often significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is only half a year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was smaller in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's now look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US during the time period between 1790 and 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be quite small It has significantly increased with time.

You can confirm that these are applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.