Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men and how does this benefit increase in the past? We only have partial evidence and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, ابر التخسيس we aren't sure how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However it is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, ابر التخسيس especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - which means that in every country baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the gap is less than half each year.

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In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The next chart compares the life expectancy of males and females when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend: Men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small but it has risen significantly over time.

You can check if these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.