Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and why have these advantages gotten bigger over time? There isn't much evidence and we're left with only incomplete solutions. We know there are biological, اضيق وضعية للجماع behavioral and environmental factors that play an integral role in the longevity of women over males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men, but not in the past, has to have to do with the fact that a number of important non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that the advantage of women is present everywhere, اضيق وضعية للجماع difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.

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In the richer countries, the women's advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's examine the way that female advantages in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below shows gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used be extremely small but it increased substantially over the last century.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, you are able to verify that these two points also apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.