Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? Why does this benefit increase as time passes? The evidence is limited and زيوت تطويل الشعر we're left with only incomplete answers. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which play a significant role in women living longer than males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

Independently of the exact amount of weight, we are aware that at a minimum, the reason women live so much longer than men in the present however not as in the past, is to relate to the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live longer than a newborn boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women are 10 years older than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was much lower in rich countries that it is today.
Let's look at how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small however, زيوت تطويل الشعر it has grown significantly with time.

When you click on the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you will be able to confirm that the two points are applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.