Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today and why is this difference growing over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw a definitive conclusion. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological and environmental factors which all play a part in women's longevity more than males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

We are aware that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But this isn't due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, افضل شامبو وبلسم so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line , which means that in every country baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women is present everywhere, cross-country differences are large. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men. In Bhutan the gap is less than half an hour.

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The advantage for افضل شامبو وبلسم women in life expectancy was much lower in the richer countries as compared to the present.
Let's look at how the gender advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart shows male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in America have longer lives than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small, but it grew substantially over the last century.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you can check that these two points are applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.