Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? What is the reason is this difference growing in the past? There isn't much evidence and we're left with only some answers. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; but we don't know exactly what the contribution to each of these variables is.

In spite of how much weight, we know that a large portion of the reason why women live longer than men today, but not in the past, is to do with the fact that a number of key non-biological factors have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and افضل شامبو وبلسم relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, افضل شامبو وبلسم especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries than it is now.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies at birth in the US between 1790-2014. Two things stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America have longer lives than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was quite small, it has increased substantially with time.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.