Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And why the advantage has grown as time passes? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide partial answers. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental variables that play an integral role in women living longer than males, we aren't sure how much each factor contributes.

Independently of the exact amount, we can say that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men and not in the past, has to be due to the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are others that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for العاب زوجية (just click the following web site) survivors, العاب زوجية ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl from any country can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than men, while in Bhutan the gap is less than half one year.

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The advantage for women in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes as compared to the present.
Let's examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in the United States live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be tiny but it has risen significantly over time.

You can check if the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.