Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and اوضاع الجماع how have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an absolute conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

Independently of the exact weight, we know that at least a portion of the reason women live longer than men today however not as previously, is to relate to the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, اوضاع الجماع so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line - this means in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart is interesting in that it shows that while the female advantage exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was much lower in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an increasing gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be quite small, but it grew substantially over the last century.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you can verify that these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.