Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women have a longer life span than men? And how has this advantage gotten larger over time? The evidence is limited and we're left with only some solutions. We know that behavioral, biological and ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; however, we aren't sure how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that at least part of the reason why women live longer than men and not previously, has to do with the fact that several significant non-biological elements have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

It is interesting to note that, while the advantage for women exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men; in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small, it has increased substantially with time.

You can confirm that these principles are also applicable to other countries with information by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور and Sweden.