Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And why is this difference growing over time? We only have a few clues and زيوت تطويل الشعر the evidence is not sufficient to draw an informed conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we aren't sure how strong the relative contribution of each of these factors is.

We have learned that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However it is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, زيوت تطويل الشعر there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her brother.

The chart above shows that, while the advantage for women exists everywhere, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes than it is now.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was quite small but it has risen significantly over time.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you are able to check that these two points are applicable to the other countries with available data: Sweden, France and the UK.