Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? Why the advantage has grown over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, but we don't know exactly how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

In spite of how much amount of weight, we are aware that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men do today but not previously, افضل شامبو وبلسم has to do with the fact that a number of fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - it means that in all nations that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women are 10 years older than males; while in Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's now look at how the advantage of women in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US between 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is getting wider: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once tiny It has significantly increased in the past.

You can check if these are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, افضل شامبو وبلسم and Sweden.