Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live much longer than men today and how have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence isn't strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women who live longer than men, we do not know what percentage each factor plays in.

In spite of the precise weight, we know that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men in the present however not as previously, is to relate to the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal parity line ; which means that in every country baby girls can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart below shows that even though women enjoy an advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the difference is just half each year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in the richer countries than it is today.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at the birth in the US between 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand تحاميل مهبلية (https://glorynote.com) out.

First, تحاميل مهبلية there's an upward trend: Men as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used be quite small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

If you select the option "Change country from the chart, you are able to verify that these two points are also applicable to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.