Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men and why does this benefit increase over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw a definitive conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; but we don't know exactly how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

It is known that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, اضيق وضعية للجماع (related web site) there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage exists everywhere, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in the richer countries than it is now.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once quite small however, اضيق وضعية للجماع it has grown significantly over time.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.