Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and اوضاع الجماع how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide some solutions. We know there are biological, behavioral and environmental variables which play a significant role in women's longevity more than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men and not previously, has to relate to the fact that a number of key non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her brothers.

This graph shows that even though women enjoy an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences are often significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the difference is less than half each year.

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In the richer countries, the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
We will now examine how the advantage of women in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart shows the life expectancy of males and females at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two things stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was extremely small however, it has grown significantly over time.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, you are able to check that these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.