Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men and how is this difference growing in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support an unambiguous conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological and environmental factors which all play a part in women's longevity more than males, we aren't sure what percentage each factor plays in.

We have learned that women live longer than men, regardless of weight. However, this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists in all countries, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور global differences are significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is only half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in developed countries as compared to the present.
Let's look at how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is increasing: While the female advantage in life expectancy used to be tiny, it has increased substantially with time.

Using the option 'Change country from the chart, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور you will be able to confirm that the two points also apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.