Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason is this difference growing over time? The evidence is sketchy and we have only partial answers. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we aren't sure how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

It is known that women are living longer than men, regardless of weight. But, كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور this is not because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and كيفية إقامة علاقة بالصور women. We can see that all countries are over the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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The advantage women had in terms of life expectancy was lower in rich countries than it is today.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart plots male and female life expectancy at birth in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two distinct features stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men living in America are living longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was once extremely small It has significantly increased over time.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you can verify that these two points are also applicable to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.