Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and how has this advantage increased in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we have only some solutions. While we are aware that there are biological, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور psychological as well as environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than men, we don't know what percentage each factor plays in.

Independently of the exact amount of weight, we are aware that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men in the present but not in the past, has to do with the fact that certain significant non-biological elements have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the line of parity diagonally. This implies that a baby girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

The chart below shows that even though women enjoy an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US in the years 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was once very small It has significantly increased over time.

If you select the option "Change country' on the chart, you can verify that these two points also apply to other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.