Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live much longer than men today, افضل شامبو وبلسم and why has this advantage increased in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're left with only some answers. While we are aware that there are biological, psychological as well as environmental factors that play an integral role in women's longevity more than men, we don't know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We know that women live longer than men, افضل شامبو وبلسم regardless of weight. However this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological factors have changed. What are the factors that are changing? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

This chart illustrates that, although women have an advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries could be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan the gap is less that half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women was not as great.
Let's look at how female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Both men and women in the US are living much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy was once very small, it has increased substantially over time.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points are applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.