Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And how does this benefit increase in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an absolute conclusion. While we are aware that there are biological, behavioral and environmental variables that all play a role in the longevity of women over men, we don't know the extent to which each factor تحاميل مهبلية plays a role.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at least a portion of the reason why women live longer than men today and not previously, is to be due to the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that every country is above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live for تحاميل مهبلية (glorynote.com) longer than a new boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men, while in Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.

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In rich countries the female advantage in longevity was not as great.
We will now examine how the gender advantage in longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two aspects stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is growing: Although the female advantage in life expectancy was extremely small, it has increased substantially in the past.

By selecting 'Change Country by country' in the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points are also applicable to other countries that have available data: Sweden, France and the UK.