Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today and how has this advantage increased in the past? There is only limited evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors which all play a part in women's longevity more than men, صبغ الشعر بالاسود, glorynote.com, we don't know what percentage each factor صبغ الشعر بالاسود plays in.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that a large portion of the reason why women live so much longer than men and not previously, is to have to do with the fact that a number of significant non-biological elements have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Certain are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line ; this means in all countries that a baby girl can be expected to live longer than a new boy.1

This chart illustrates that, while there is a female advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than males; while in Bhutan the gap is less than half one year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was less in countries with higher incomes than it is today.
We will now examine how the female advantage in longevity has changed with time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once very small but it has risen significantly with time.

You can confirm that these points are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.