Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men in the present and how is this difference growing over time? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're only able to provide some answers. We recognize that biological, behavioral and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; however, we do not know how significant the impact of each factor is.

In spite of the precise number of pounds, we know that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men however not as in the past, is to have to do with the fact that a number of key non-biological factors have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for ابر التخسيس - see here, men and women. It is clear that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

It is interesting to note that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is only half a year.

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In rich countries the women's advantage in longevity was previously smaller.
Let's examine how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancy at the time of birth in the US between 1790-2014. Two areas stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was very small, it has increased substantially over time.

Using the option 'Change country in the chart, verify that these two points are applicable to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.