Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women live longer than men? And how is this difference growing over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an informed conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological and environmental variables which all play a part in the longevity of women over men, we do not know what percentage each factor plays in.

We have learned that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. However, ابر التخسيس (https://glorynote.com/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3) this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these changing factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line - which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

The chart above shows that although the female advantage exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than males; while in Bhutan the difference is just half one year.

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In the richer countries, the women's advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women living in America are living longer than they were a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used be very modest however it increased dramatically over the last century.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.