Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men in the present and why has this advantage increased over time? The evidence is sketchy and we're only able to provide partial solutions. We know there are behavioral, biological, and ابر التخسيس environmental factors that play an integral role in the longevity of women over men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of the amount of weight, we are aware that at least part of the reason women live so much longer than men but not previously, has to have to do with the fact that certain fundamental non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country the newborn girl is likely to live for ابر التخسيس longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage across all countries, differences between countries are often significant. In Russia women have a longer life span than men. In Bhutan the difference is just half an hour.

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In the richer countries, the advantage of women in longevity used to be smaller
Let's examine the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

And second, there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used to be extremely small however it increased dramatically in the past century.

You can confirm that these principles are also applicable to other countries with data by selecting the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.