Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women have a longer life span than men? What is the reason has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? The evidence is sketchy and we're left with only partial solutions. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, علامات الحمل بولد [you can try this out] we do not know what the contribution of each of these factors is.

We have learned that women live longer than men, علامات الحمل بولد regardless of their weight. But it is not due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that all countries are above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her younger brother.

The chart above shows that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

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In countries with high incomes, the longevity advantage for women was previously smaller.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US in the years 1790 until 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Men and women in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy was very small however, it has grown significantly over time.

It is possible to verify that these are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.