Why Do Women Have Longer Lives Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live much longer than men today, and افضل كريم للشعر why is this difference growing over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to reach an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, psychological and environmental variables which play a significant role in women who live longer than men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of how much number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, the reason women live longer than men and not previously, has to relate to the fact that some fundamental non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage exists in all countries, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan, the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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In the richer countries, the longevity advantage for women was previously smaller.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is widening: While the advantage of women in life expectancy used to be quite small It has significantly increased in the past.

Using the option 'Change country by country' in the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points are applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.