Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men, and why does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence isn't conclusive and we're left with only some answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors contribute to the fact that women live longer than men; but we don't know exactly how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

In spite of the number of pounds, we know that at a minimum, علامات الحمل بولد the reason why women live so much longer than men and not in the past, is to have to do with the fact that some important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, علامات الحمل بولد there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

It is interesting to note that while the female advantage exists across all countries, the global differences are significant. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than men; in Bhutan the difference is less than half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the women's advantage in longevity was not as great.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US in the years 1790 to 2014. Two areas stand out.

First, there is an upward trend. Men and women in America live longer than they used to a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in life expectancy was once extremely small however, it has grown significantly over time.

If you select the option "Change country by country' in the chart, verify that these two points also apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.