Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason women are more likely to live longer than men? And how the advantage has grown as time passes? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not strong enough to make an unambiguous conclusion. While we are aware that there are behavioral, biological and environmental variables that all play a role in women living longer than males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

We have learned that women are living longer than males, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور regardless of weight. But it is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is above the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from every country could be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

The chart below shows that although there is a women's advantage in all countries, the differences across countries can be substantial. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, the difference is just half a year.

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In wealthy countries, the female advantage in longevity was smaller
Let's look at how the female advantage in longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790-2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in the United States live longer than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is an ever-widening gap: ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very modest however it increased dramatically in the past century.

By selecting 'Change Country from the chart, you can check that these two points also apply to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.