Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present and how is this difference growing in the past? The evidence is limited and we're only able to provide incomplete solutions. We know there are behavioral, biological as well as environmental factors that play an integral role in women who live longer than men, we do not know the extent to which each factor plays a role.

We are aware that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. However, this is not due to the fact that certain non-biological aspects have changed. These factors are changing. Some are well known and علامات الحمل بولد relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - which means that in every country a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a newborn boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage is present everywhere, علامات الحمل بولد difference between countries is huge. In Russia women have an average of 10 years more than males; while in Bhutan the gap is just half one year.

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The female advantage in life expectancy was less in rich countries than it is today.
Let's look at the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The following chart shows the male and female life expectancies at the time of birth in the US from 1790 until 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders living in America are living longer than they used to 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

There is a widening gap: The female advantage in life expectancy used to be very modest but it increased substantially in the past century.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.