Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live so longer than men in the present, and why does this benefit increase in the past? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to support a definitive conclusion. We know that biological, behavioral and اضيق وضعية للجماع environmental factors play a role in the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know how much the influence of each factor is.

We are aware that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. However this is not because of certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, اضيق وضعية للجماع ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are above the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can expect to live longer than her brother.

This chart shows that, while there is a female advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women live 10 years more than men. In Bhutan, the difference is only half a year.

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In the richer countries, the longevity advantage for women was previously smaller.
We will now examine the way that female advantages in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two distinct points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. as well as women in the US live a lot, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small however it increased dramatically during the last century.

By selecting 'Change Country in the chart, you can check that these two points also apply to other countries that have available information: Sweden, France and the UK.