Why Women Are More Likely To Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men and how have these advantages gotten bigger over time? We have only a small amount of evidence and the evidence is not sufficient to draw an informed conclusion. We know there are biological, psychological and environmental factors that play an integral role in women who live longer than males, it isn't clear how much each factor contributes.

We have learned that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. However this is not due to the fact that certain biological factors have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, اضيق وضعية للجماع so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl from any country can be expected to live for longer than her brothers.

Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the difference is less than half a calendar year.

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In rich countries the female advantage in longevity used to be smaller
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows male and female life expectancy when they were born in the US over the period 1790-2014. Two points stand out.

First, اضيق وضعية للجماع there is an upward trend. Both men as well as women in the US live much, much longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is getting wider: Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once tiny, it has increased substantially over time.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have data by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.