Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live longer than men? What is the reason does this benefit increase in the past? The evidence is sketchy and we're left with only incomplete answers. We know there are biological, behavioral and environmental factors which play a significant role in women's longevity more than males, it isn't clear how much each one contributes.

We have learned that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But it is not because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. The factors changing are numerous. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, ابر التخسيس like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, ابر التخسيس all countries are above the diagonal line of parity - this means that in all countries baby girls can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

The chart above shows that although the female advantage is present everywhere, country-specific differences are huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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The female advantage in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries than it is now.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the men and women's life expectancies at the time of birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The gap is increasing: While the female advantage in life expectancy was once quite small however, it has grown significantly in the past.

It is possible to verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.