Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? Why has this advantage gotten larger over time? There is only limited evidence and the evidence isn't sufficient to draw an informed conclusion. Although we know that there are biological, behavioral and environmental variables that all play a role in the longevity of women over men, we do not know how much each one contributes.

In spite of the precise amount, we can say that at a minimum, اوضاع الجماع the reason women live so much longer than men do today however not as in the past, has to have to do with the fact that several important non-biological aspects have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, اوضاع الجماع especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

This chart shows that, although there is a women's advantage throughout the world, the differences between countries can be significant. In Russia, women live for 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of only half a year.

__S.17__
__S.19__
The advantage for women in life expectancy was less in rich countries that it is today.
Let's look at how the gender advantage in life expectancy has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancies at the birth in the US during the period 1790 until 2014. Two specific points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is growing: Although the advantage of women in terms of life expectancy was extremely small It has significantly increased over time.

Using the option 'Change country from the chart, verify that these two points are applicable to the other countries having available data: Sweden, France and the UK.