Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. Why do women live longer than men, and why has this advantage increased in the past? The evidence is limited and we have only some answers. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all play a role in the fact that women have longer lives than men, However, we're not sure how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

It is known that women live longer than males, regardless of weight. However, this is not because of certain biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, تحاميل مهبلية like the fact that men smoke more often. Others are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can expect to live longer than her younger brother.

This chart illustrates that, while there is a female advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan, تحاميل مهبلية the difference is only half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was smaller in countries with higher incomes than it is today.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The next chart compares male and female life expectancy at birth in the US between 1790 and 2014. Two distinct features stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Both genders in America have longer lives than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an ever-widening gap: female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be very small however it increased dramatically over the course of the last century.

If you select the option "Change country in the chart, confirm that the two points also apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.