Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women have a longer life span than men? Why has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? The evidence is limited and we have only some solutions. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer lives than men, however, we aren't sure how significant the impact of each factor اضيق وضعية للجماع is.

We have learned that women live longer than men, regardless of their weight. But this isn't because of certain non-biological aspects have changed. What are these new factors? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the diagonal line of parity. This implies that a baby girl in all countries can be expected to live for longer than her older brother.

Interestingly, this chart shows that the advantage of women is present everywhere, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan there is a difference of just half a year.

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The advantage women had in life expectancy was much lower in rich countries than it is today.
Let's look at how the gender advantage in longevity has changed over time. The chart below shows male and female life expectancy at the birth in the US during the period 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's an increase in the gap between men and women: female advantage in life expectancy used to be very small but it increased substantially during the last century.

You can verify that the points you've listed are applicable to other countries that have information by clicking on the "Change country" option on the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.