Why Are Women Living Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What's the reason why women live longer than men? And how is this difference growing in the past? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not sufficient to reach a definitive conclusion. We are aware that behavioral, biological and environmental factors all contribute to the fact that women have longer life spans than men, however, we do not know how strong the relative contribution of each one of these factors is.

Independently of the exact amount of weight, تحاميل مهبلية we are aware that a large portion of the reason women live longer than men today but not previously, is to have to do with the fact that some significant non-biological elements have changed. These variables are evolving. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. There are other issues that are more intricate. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. It is clear that every country is over the line of parity diagonally. This means that a newborn girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her older brother.

This chart illustrates that, even though women enjoy an advantage everywhere, cross-country differences are often significant. In Russia, women live 10 years longer than males. In Bhutan the gap is less than half a calendar year.

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The advantage of women in life expectancy was less in the richer countries than it is now.
Let's see how the female longevity advantage has changed over time. The following chart shows the gender-based and تحاميل مهبلية female-specific life expectancy at the time of birth in the US from 1790-2014. Two specific points stand out.

The first is that there is an upward trend. Men and women in the US have a much longer life span longer than they did a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, there's a widening gap: The female advantage in terms of life expectancy used to be quite small however, it has increased significantly during the last century.

By selecting 'Change Country by country' in the chart, you can verify that these two points apply to the other countries with available information: Sweden, France and the UK.