Why Women Live Longer Than Men

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What is the reason women live more than men do today and how have these advantages gotten bigger in the past? The evidence is limited and we're left with only limited solutions. We know there are biological, behavioral, and environmental factors that play an integral role in women who live longer than males, it isn't clear what percentage each factor plays in.

We know that women are living longer than males, regardless of weight. But this is not due to the fact that certain biological or non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As you can see, every country is above the diagonal parity line , which means that in every country the newborn girl is likely to live longer than a newborn boy.1

This chart illustrates that, although there is a women's advantage across all countries, differences between countries can be significant. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men. In Bhutan there is a difference of less that half a year.

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The advantage for اضيق وضعية للجماع women in terms of life expectancy was lower in developed countries than it is now.
Let's take a look at how the female longevity advantage has changed in the course of time. The following chart shows the male and female lifespans at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand اضيق وضعية للجماع out.

First, there is an upward trend. Women and men in America have longer lives than they were 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

The second is that there is an ever-widening gap: female advantage in life expectancy used to be very modest however, it has increased significantly over the last century.

Using the option 'Change country' on the chart, you will be able to determine if these two points are also applicable to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.